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Control valves are valves used to control conditions such as flow,
pressure, temperature, and liquid level by fully or partially
opening or closing in response to signals received from controllers
that compare a “setpoint” to a “process variable” whose value is
provided by sensors that monitor changes in such conditions.The
opening or closing of control valves is usually done automatically
by electrical, hydraulic or pneumatic actuators. Positioners are
used to control the opening or closing of the actuator based on
electric, or pneumatic signals. These control signals,
traditionally based on 3-15psi (0.2-1.0bar), more common now are
4-20mA signals for industry, 0-10V for HVAC systems, and the
introduction of “Smart” systems, HART, Fieldbus Foundation, and
Profibus being the more common protocols.A control valve consists
of three main parts in which each part exist in several types and
designs:
Valve’s actuator
Valve’s positioner
Valve’s body