Lathe Machining Parts Stainless Steel SUS304 SUS316 Automotive Parts Robotics Technology
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Lathe Machining Parts Stainless Steel SUS304 SUS316 Automotive Parts Robotics Technology
Product Description:
Stainless steel 304 is one of the most widely used grades of
stainless steel, known for its excellent corrosion resistance, good
mechanical properties, and ease of fabrication. It belongs to the
austenitic family of stainless steels, which are non-magnetic and
characterized by high toughness and good weldability. Due to these
attributes, 304 stainless steel is used across various industries,
including food processing, chemical processing, construction, and
household appliances. This article will delve into the key
characteristics of 304 stainless steel, including its chemical
composition, physical properties, mechanical properties, and
corrosion resistance.
1. Chemical Composition
Stainless steel 304 consists primarily of iron, with a significant
percentage of chromium and nickel. The typical chemical composition
of 304 stainless steel is as follows:
• Chromium (Cr): 18–20%
• Nickel (Ni): 8–10.5%
• Manganese (Mn): 2%
• Silicon (Si): 1%
• Carbon (C): 0.08% max
• Phosphorus (P): 0.045% max
• Sulfur (S): 0.03% max
• Iron (Fe): balance
The high chromium content provides the stainless steel with its
resistance to corrosion, while nickel enhances its formability and
weldability. The balance of iron forms the base material, providing
the necessary strength and structure to the alloy.
2. Physical Properties
The physical properties of 304 stainless steel make it suitable for
a wide range of applications. Some of its key physical
characteristics include:
• Density: 7.93 g/cm³
• Melting Point: 1400°C (2552°F)
• Thermal Conductivity: 16 W/m·K at 100°C
• Electrical Resistivity: 0.72 µΩ·cm at 20°C
• Magnetic Properties: 304 stainless steel is non-magnetic in the
annealed condition, which is a key feature for applications where
magnetic properties must be minimized, such as in certain medical
and electronic devices.
Due to its relatively low density, 304 stainless steel is
lightweight compared to many other metals, which is advantageous
for applications in sectors like aerospace and automotive
industries.
3. Mechanical Properties
304 stainless steel exhibits excellent mechanical properties,
particularly in terms of strength and ductility. The alloy
maintains its mechanical strength at both high and low
temperatures, which makes it suitable for use in a variety of
environments. The following are key mechanical properties:
• Tensile Strength: 520–750 MPa
• Yield Strength: 215 MPa (min)
• Elongation: 40% (in 50 mm gauge length)
• Hardness: Brinell hardness ~170 HB, Rockwell B ~90 HRB
• Modulus of Elasticity: 193 GPa
304 stainless steel maintains its strength even at high
temperatures, up to around 870°C (1600°F) in intermittent service,
and up to 925°C (1700°F) in continuous service. This makes it
suitable for applications that involve high heat, such as heat
exchangers, boilers, and pressure vessels.
4. Corrosion Resistance
One of the most defining features of 304 stainless steel is its
exceptional corrosion resistance. The chromium content in the alloy
forms a passive oxide layer on the surface that protects it from
rust and other forms of corrosion. The presence of nickel further
enhances this corrosion resistance, particularly in reducing
environments. The corrosion resistance of 304 stainless steel makes
it ideal for use in industries such as food processing,
pharmaceuticals, and marine environments. Specific aspects of its
corrosion resistance include:
• Resistance to Rust: 304 stainless steel resists rust and staining
in most environments. It is particularly resistant to oxidation and
scaling at elevated temperatures.
• Pitting Resistance: In environments containing chlorides (e.g.,
seawater), 304 stainless steel provides reasonable resistance to
pitting corrosion. However, it may not be suitable for highly
aggressive chloride-rich environments, such as those found in
seawater, where alloys like 316 may be more appropriate.
• Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC): While 304 stainless steel has
good resistance to SCC in most environments, it is susceptible to
SCC in high-temperature water or in environments containing
chlorides at elevated temperatures.
• Intergranular Corrosion: 304 stainless steel can be susceptible
to intergranular corrosion when exposed to temperatures in the
range of 425–850°C, particularly if the material is improperly
heat-treated. This issue can be avoided by using stabilized grades
like 304L or 321, which have lower carbon content.
5. Formability and Weldability
304 stainless steel is highly formable and can be easily fabricated
into various shapes and sizes. It can be rolled, drawn, and formed
into different types of products, such as sheets, coils, plates,
and pipes. Its excellent weldability allows it to be welded using
most standard welding techniques, including TIG (Tungsten Inert
Gas), MIG (Metal Inert Gas), and arc welding.
When welding 304 stainless steel, care must be taken to avoid
overheating, which can lead to sensitization (a form of
intergranular corrosion). Using proper welding procedures, such as
post-weld heat treatment, can mitigate this issue.
6. Applications of Stainless Steel 304
Given its unique combination of strength, corrosion resistance, and
formability, 304 stainless steel is used in a wide range of
applications across various industries:
• Food and Beverage Industry: Due to its resistance to corrosion
and ease of cleaning, 304 stainless steel is commonly used in the
production of food processing equipment, such as tanks, pipes, and
machinery.
• Chemical and Pharmaceutical Industries: Its resistance to
corrosion from a wide range of chemicals makes 304 stainless steel
an ideal choice for processing equipment, including reactors,
vessels, and heat exchangers.
• Construction: Stainless steel 304 is often used in architectural
applications, such as structural supports, roofing materials, and
decorative items, where both appearance and durability are
important.
• Household Appliances: 304 stainless steel is widely used in
kitchen appliances, including refrigerators, dishwashers, sinks,
and cooktops, due to its ease of cleaning and resistance to stains.
• Marine Applications: While 304 stainless steel is resistant to
rust and corrosion in marine environments, it is sometimes replaced
by the more corrosion-resistant 316 stainless steel when subjected
to continuous exposure to seawater or chloride-rich conditions.
Stainless steel 304 is an extremely versatile and widely used material due to its excellent combination of mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, formability, and weldability. Whether for household applications, industrial machinery, or marine environments, its unique characteristics make it one of the most reliable and durable materials available. However, depending on the specific environmental conditions (such as exposure to extreme temperatures or aggressive chemicals), other stainless steel grades like 316 or 321 may offer enhanced performance for specialized applications.
Applications
Sandblasting is a process for surface treatment of workpieces. Adopting compressed air as the power, in order to form a high-speed jet beam will spray material (copper ore, quartz sand, emery, iron sand, sea sand) high-speed jet to the surface of the workpiece to be processed, so that the appearance or shape of the surface of the workpiece changes. Due to the impact and cutting effect of the abrasive on the surface of the workpiece, the surface of the workpiece obtains a certain degree of cleanliness and different roughness, so that the mechanical properties of the surface of the workpiece can be improved, thus improving the fatigue resistance of the workpiece, increasing the adhesion between it and the coating, prolonging the durability of the coating film, and also conducive to the levelling of the coating and decoration.
Cadmium plating is also prone to ‘cadmium brittle’ phenomenon,
usually at higher temperatures, and at the same time the existence
of certain stress conditions, can make steel and titanium alloys
produce cadmium brittle. As cadmium plating layer in 232 ℃ above
can be leached into the steel parts of the matrix, can cause the
so-called ‘cadmium brittle’ phenomenon, so the use of temperature
should not exceed 232 ℃.
Cadmium-plated layer can be welded, the plating can reduce the
oxidation of copper-plated electrical contacts, but also does not
increase the contact resistance. Cadmium-plated layer is usually
used in steel fasteners, piping and other stressed parts, aluminium
and aluminium alloy parts, magnesium alloy parts, and rubber
contact with the steel and copper parts. Especially some elastic
parts, threaded parts, standard parts and aerospace, shipbuilding,
electronics and military products are used to use cadmium plating.
But cadmium vapour and its soluble salts are highly toxic and
seriously pollute the environment. Therefore, the application of
cadmium plating layer is subject to strict limitations, has been
rarely used, most of the zinc plating layer and zinc alloy layer to
replace the cadmium plating layer.
| 1 | Anodizing |
| 2 | Sandblasting |
| 3 | Matt anodizing |
| 4 | polish 0.8 |
| 5 | Painting |
| 6 | Brush |
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