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No Pollution Renewable Energy Permanent Magnet AC Alternator
Radial flux Permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG)
The permanent magnet synchronous generator is a device that
transforms mechanical energy into electrical energy delivered by
the prime mover of the generator.
It is also known as an alternator, it is called a synchronous
generator because its rotation speed is equal to the rotating speed
of the field at the stator of the generator called synchronous
speed.
In a permanent magnet synchronous generator, there is no need for
the slip rings and carbon brushes, which makes the machine less
expensive, and lightweight, and maintenance of the generator also
decreases.
The structure
The permanent magnet generator is mainly composed of a rotor, end
cover, and stator. The structure of the stator is very similar to
that of an ordinary alternator. The biggest difference between the
structure of the rotor and the alternator is that there are
high-quality According to the position of the permanent magnet on
the rotor, the permanent magnet generator is usually divided into a
surface rotor structure and a built-in rotor structure.
Working Principle
The main components of permanent magnet generators are stators and
rotors.
The rotor is made from permanent magnets, and it could generate
magnetic fields. Magnetic parts are set around the stators as well,
so fluxes could compass them.
The stator is composed of rotating coils. Once receiving the
magnetic power, the stator generates electricity consequently.
In this way, the movement of the rotors is transformed into
electric energy. The more stator coils we have, the more electric
currents we get.
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The permanent magnet alternator’s rotor is directly equipped with a
wind turbine so that it can generate fixed electrical power. The
efficiency of permanent magnet synchronous alternators is way
higher than that of asynchronous generators. It offers a variety of
merits over asynchronous generators and they are as follows:
· Direct drive (No speed multiplier, no gearbox needed)
· Virtually no maintenance
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· Highest power-to-weight ratio in direct drive
· High efficiency
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· Simplification of mechanical design
· Easy mechanical interface
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· Cost optimization
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· They are environmentally friendly and do not rely on the external
weather to produce electricity
· They are smaller in size and hence require very less space
compared to other types of generators.
· These permanent magnet generators run for years and beyond
without any wear and tear. Additionally, they are soundless and
noise-free thus making zero sound pollution.
Permanent magnet generators are widely adopted by the wind power
industry. Because there are no wearing parts, PMGs ensure low
failure rates and require less maintenance. The use of permanent
magnets requires no external power source to initiate a magnetic
field. This reduces costs, simplifies the structure, and improves
system efficiency.
The classification of permanent magnet generator:
Permanent magnet generators (PMGs) can be classified based on
various factors, such as the type of magnet, the application, the
number of phases, and the power rating. Here are some common
classifications of permanent magnet generators:
Based on magnet type: a. Ferrite Magnet PMG: These generators use
ferrite magnets, which are less expensive and have lower magnetic
strength than rare-earth magnets. b. Rare-Earth Magnet PMG: These
generators use neodymium or samarium-cobalt magnets, which are more
expensive but have a higher magnetic strength than ferrite magnets.
Based on application: a. Wind Turbine PMG: These generators are
designed for use in wind turbines and are typically used in
small-scale or off-grid applications. b. Hydroelectric PMG: These
generators are designed for use in hydroelectric power plants and
are typically used in large-scale applications.
Based on the number of phases: a. Single-phase PMG: These
generators have a single output phase and are used in low-power
applications. b. Three-phase PMG: These generators have three
output phases and are used in high-power applications.
Based on power rating: a. Low-power PMG: These generators have a
power rating of up to a few kilowatts and are used in small-scale
applications. b. High-power PMG: These generators have a power
rating of several megawatts and are used in large-scale
applications, such as wind turbines and hydroelectric power plants.
These are some common classifications of permanent magnet
generators, but there may be other ways to classify them based on
specific parameters.
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· Low-speed, direct-drive PMGs operate without any gearbox and
fast-rotating parts, resulting in increased reliability and
superior drive train efficiency.
· Generator can be designed with a segmented stator construction.
This provides redundancy and makes it possible to repair the
generator in the nacelle without full disassembly. Optionally, our
generator design can use the generator bearing as a turbine main
bearing to integrate the turbine brake system into the generator
construction. Benefits are simplicity, fewer components, and
therefore, higher reliability.
· With the rising cost of electricity, an increasing number of
populations are looking for an alternate source of energy and
permanent magnet generators fit this gap perfectly. These
generators can also reduce the strain on the environment as they do
not use any non-renewable sources of energy for producing
electricity.
1. Free Energy Source
Permanent magnet generators produce electricity using their own
magnetism. So, you do not need to pay high electric bills, and a
large budget is saved. Besides, these devices do not need any other
resources, which are quite environmentally friendly.
2. Reliable Power Output
Permanent magnet generators do not need any special operating
environments. Hence, they can offer reliable performance compared
with wind turbine motors. Additionally, permanent magnet generators
do not suffer from energy loss, while induction generators
typically lose 20-30% of energy. Additionally, there are no
temperature rises in the magnetic machines, so the life of the
bearings can be prolonged.
3. Low Maintenance Fee
Due to the features mentioned above, you do not need to spend lots
of money and time on the maintenance of permanent magnet
generators. And they do not have slip rings and brushes, which are
supposed to be checked at regular intervals.
4. Compatibility
Permanent magnet generators can be employed with turbines and
diesel generators. >
5. Extremely high availability due to simple and robust design
6. Superior efficiency over the entire wind speed range, even at
partial loads, resulting in higher efficiency and increased AEP
rates.
7. Optimized and tailored to each wind turbine and the environment
in which it will operate.
8. Highly serviceable design speeds up maintenance routines. PMG
technology eliminates wearing parts, ensuring fewer failures and
significantly reducing the need for maintenance.
9. The PMG coupled with a full-power converter provides
future-proof grid code compliance, including fault ride-through and
100% reactive power compensation capability.
The wind generator uses NdFeB permanent magnets, eliminating the need for brushes and slip rings, reducing maintenance and improving reliability; the rated speed of the generator is low, and it is directly coupled and driven by the wind wheel, which simplifies the structure of the generator. The weight of the device is reduced, and the cost is reduced; The efficiency of the generator is higher, the starting resistance torque is small, and it is easy to start at lower wind speeds, which improves the low-speed power generation performance of the wind generator and improves the utilization of wind energy.
The importance of maintaining permanent magnet generator:
Wind turbines must be placed in the field, and the operating conditions are very harsh. In order to improve the reliability of wind turbines and prolong the service life of the wind turbines, routine maintenance is very important. When exchanging experience in wind power generation, foreign experienced experts once said that the focus of wind turbines is maintenance, not repair. The life span of wind turbines depends on the quality of maintenance. The maintenance of wind turbines is not complicated.
Operation and maintenance personnel must have basic knowledge of wind power technology and be able to work at heights in cold and hot weather. At the same time, the equipment maintenance personnel must have the ability to analyze and judge significant failures in person and the ability to handle them on-site and be able to quickly carry out minor repairs on the spot. Therefore, equipment maintenance personnel should be familiar with the structure of wind turbines and participate in operation and maintenance training courses during the installation process. The following maintenance measures are available for reference:
(1) According to the drawings, materials, and instructions provided by the manufacturer, prepare a detailed "Wind Power Operation and Maintenance Regulations" for relevant personnel to learn and implement carefully.
(2) Seriously study the basic principles of wind power generation, understand the performance of wind turbines and be proficient in starting and stopping methods.
(3) Regularly carry out ideological education to cultivate the sense of responsibility and professionalism of the staff.
(4) Accidents of generator sets should be carefully recorded, the reasons should be analyzed, and experience should be continuously accumulated.
The above points need your careful attention. If you still know more about wind turbines, please pay attention to the company website, we will update it regularly!
Qingdao ENNENG Motor Co., Ltd is a global supplier which focuses on permanent magnet generators and energy-saving solutions. We provide customized 5KW to 2MW Permanent Magnet Generators suitable for Wind turbines, Hydro turbines, and other renewable energy systems. With strong flexibility and competitive capabilities, we can help clients to customize the overall new energy system solution. ENNENG team has delivered many generators to the industry in Europe, America, Africa, and other countries and is working on many different projects, at all speeds (from standard speed to direct drive). We’re living our promise to the planet by offering only products with environmental benefits and operating with a zero-carbon footprint.
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