Stainless Steel Investment Casting Parts Metal Stamping OEM
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Stainless Steel Investment Casting Parts Metal Stamping OEM
The theoretical liquid metal forming of castings is often called
casting, and the casting forming technology has a long history. As
early as more than 5,000 years ago, our ancestors were able to cast
copper and bronze products. Casting is the most widely used metal
liquid forming process. It is a method of pouring liquid metal into
the mold cavity, and after it cools and solidifies, a blank or part
of a certain shape is obtained.
Liquid moldings account for a large proportion of machinery and
equipment. Liquid moldings account for 70% to 90% of the total
weight in machine tools, internal combustion engines, mining
machinery, and heavy machinery; 50% to 70% in automobiles and
tractors; Agricultural machinery accounts for 40% to 70%. The
liquid forming process can be used so widely because it has the
following advantages:
(1) It can manufacture blanks with complex inner cavity and shape.
Such as various boxes, machine bed, cylinder block, cylinder head
and so on.
(2) The process has great flexibility and wide adaptability. The
size of the liquid molding is almost unlimited, and its weight can
range from a few grams to several hundreds of tons, and its wall
thickness can range from 0.5mm to 1m. Any metal material that can
be melted into a liquid in the industry can be used for liquid
molding. For very ductile cast iron, liquid forming is the only way
to produce a blank or part.
(3) The cost of liquid molding parts is lower. Liquid molding can
directly use waste parts and chips, and the equipment cost is low.
At the same time, the machining allowance of liquid forming parts
is small, which saves metal.
Castings are metal forming objects obtained by various casting methods, that is, the smelted liquid metal is injected into the pre-prepared casting mold by pouring, injection, suction or other casting methods, and after cooling, after grinding and other subsequent processing methods. , the resulting object of certain shape, size and properties.
There are many classification methods for castings: according to
the different metal materials used, they are divided into steel
castings, iron castings, copper castings, aluminum castings,
magnesium castings, zinc castings, titanium castings, etc. And each
type of casting can be further divided into different types
according to its chemical composition or metallographic structure.
For example, iron castings can be divided into gray iron castings,
ductile iron castings, vermicular iron castings, malleable iron
castings, alloy iron castings, etc.; according to different casting
methods, castings can be divided into ordinary sand castings, metal
castings, die castings , centrifugal castings, continuous castings,
investment castings, ceramic castings, electroslag remelting
castings, bimetal castings, etc. Among them, ordinary sand castings
are the most widely used, accounting for about 80% of all castings.
And aluminum, magnesium, zinc and other non-ferrous metal castings
are mostly die castings.
performance
However, there are many processes for liquid metal forming, and it
is difficult to precisely control, so that the quality of castings
is not stable enough. Compared with forgings of the same material,
due to the loose structure and coarse grains of liquid forming,
defects such as shrinkage cavities, shrinkage porosity, and pores
are easily generated inside. Its mechanical properties are low. In
addition, the labor intensity is high and the conditions are poor.
It has excellent mechanical and physical properties. It can have
various comprehensive properties of strength, hardness and
toughness, and can also have one or more special properties, such
as wear resistance, high temperature and low temperature
resistance, corrosion resistance, etc.
The weight and size range of castings are very wide. The lightest
weight is only a few grams, the heaviest can reach 400 tons, the
thinnest wall thickness is only 0.5 mm, the thickest can exceed 1
meter, and the length can be from a few millimeters to more than
ten meters. It can meet the use requirements of different
industrial sectors.
use
Castings are widely used and have been applied to hardware and the
entire mechanical and electronic industries, and their uses are
becoming an expanding trend. Specifically used, construction,
hardware, equipment, construction machinery and other large
machinery, machine tools, ships, aerospace, automobiles,
locomotives, electronics, computers, electrical appliances,pouring
process
In the casting process of machine tool bed castings, the principle
of high temperature casting and low temperature casting should be
followed during casting. Because raising the molten metal
temperature is conducive to the complete melting of inclusions and
the floating of slag, it is convenient for slag cleaning and
degassing, and reduces the slag inclusion and porosity defects of
machine tool castings; using a lower pouring temperature is
conducive to reducing the amount of slag in the molten metal. The
gas solubility, liquid shrinkage and the baking of the high
temperature metal liquid on the surface of the cavity can avoid
defects such as pores, sand sticking and shrinkage holes.
Therefore, on the premise of ensuring that the mold cavity is
filled, try to use a lower pouring temperature. The process of
pouring molten metal from a ladle into a mold is called pouring.
Improper pouring operation will cause machine tool casting defects
such as insufficient pouring, cold insulation, pores, shrinkage
holes and slag inclusion, and cause personal injury
Casting quality
It mainly includes appearance quality, inner quality and use
quality. Appearance quality refers to the surface roughness,
surface defects, dimensional deviation, shape deviation, and weight
deviation of the casting; the internal quality mainly refers to the
chemical composition, physical properties, mechanical properties,
metallographic structure, and holes, cracks, inclusions, etc.
Segregation and other conditions; service quality refers to the
working durability of castings under different conditions,
including wear resistance, corrosion resistance, shock resistance,
fatigue, shock absorption and other properties, as well as
machinability, weldability and other process properties.
Casting quality has a great influence on the performance of
mechanical products. For example, the wear resistance and
dimensional stability of machine tool castings directly affect the
accuracy and life of the machine tool; the dimensions, accuracy and
surface roughness of the impellers, casings, and inner cavities of
hydraulic parts of various pumps directly affect the pump. And the
working efficiency of hydraulic system, energy consumption and
development of cavitation, etc.; the strength and resistance to
cold and heat of internal combustion engine cylinder block,
cylinder head, cylinder liner, piston ring, exhaust pipe and other
castings directly affect the working life of the engine.
There are many factors that affect the quality of castings. The
first is the design process of castings. When designing, in
addition to determining the geometry and size of the casting
according to the working conditions and metal material properties,
the rationality of the design must also be considered from the
perspective of the casting alloy and casting process
characteristics, that is, the obvious size effect and
solidification, shrinkage. , stress and other problems to avoid or
reduce the occurrence of defects such as composition segregation,
deformation and cracking of castings. The second is to have a
reasonable casting process. That is, according to the structure,
weight and size of the casting, the characteristics of the casting
alloy and the production conditions, select the appropriate parting
surface and modeling, core making method, and reasonably set the
casting ribs, cold iron, riser and gating system. to ensure high
quality castings. The third is the quality of raw materials for
casting. The quality of metal charge, refractory material, fuel,
flux, modifier, foundry sand, molding sand binder, coating and
other materials is substandard, which will cause defects such as
pores, pinholes, slag inclusion, and sticky sand in the casting,
which will affect the appearance quality of the casting. and
internal quality, the casting will be scrapped in severe cases. The
fourth is process operation. It is necessary to formulate
reasonable process operation rules, improve the technical level of
workers, and make the process rules be implemented correctly.
In casting production, it is necessary to control and inspect the
quality of castings. First of all, it is necessary to formulate
process codes and technical conditions from raw materials and
auxiliary materials to the control and inspection of each specific
product. Each process is strictly controlled and inspected
according to the process code and technical conditions. Finally,
the quality inspection of the finished castings is carried out. To
be equipped with reasonable testing methods and appropriate testing
personnel. Generally, for the appearance quality of the casting,
the surface roughness of the casting can be judged by comparing the
sample blocks; the fine cracks on the surface can be checked by the
coloring method and the magnetic powder method. The internal
quality of castings can be checked and judged by methods such as
audio frequency, ultrasound, eddy current, X-ray and γ-ray.
The defects of sand casting castings are: cold insulation,
insufficient pouring, pores, sand sticking, sand inclusion, sand
holes, and swelling sand.
1) Insufficient cold insulation and pouring: The liquid metal
filling capacity is insufficient, or the filling conditions are
poor. Before the cavity is filled, the molten metal will stop
flowing, which will cause insufficient pouring or cold insulation
defects in the casting. When the pouring is insufficient, the
casting will not be able to obtain a complete shape; during cold
isolation, although the casting can obtain a complete shape, the
mechanical properties of the casting are seriously damaged due to
the presence of incompletely fused seams.
Prevent insufficient pouring and cold isolation: increase the
pouring temperature and pouring speed.
2) Porosity The gas does not escape in time before the liquid metal
crusts, and the hole-like defects are generated in the casting. The
inner walls of the pores are smooth, bright or slightly oxidized.
After the pores are generated in the casting, its effective bearing
area will be reduced, and stress concentration will be caused
around the pores to reduce the impact resistance and fatigue
resistance of the casting. Pores can also reduce the compactness of
the casting, rendering some castings that require hydrostatic
testing to be scrapped. In addition, porosity also adversely
affects the corrosion resistance and heat resistance of the
casting.
Prevent the generation of pores: reduce the air content in the
molten metal, increase the air permeability of the sand mold, and
add an air riser at the highest part of the cavity.
3) Sticky sand A layer of hard-to-remove sand adhered to the
surface of the casting is called sticky sand. Sticky sand not only
affects the appearance of castings, but also increases the workload
of casting cleaning and cutting, and even affects the life of the
machine. For example, when there is sticky sand on the surface of
the cast teeth, it is easy to be damaged. If there is sticky sand
in the machine parts such as pumps or engines, it will affect the
flow of fluids such as fuel oil, gas, lubricating oil and cooling
water, and will stain and wear the entire machine.
Prevent sand sticking: add pulverized coal to the molding sand, and
apply anti-stick sand paint on the surface of the mold.
4) The grooves and scar defects formed on the surface of the
casting by sand inclusion are very easy to occur when casting thick
and large flat castings with wet molds.
Most of the parts that produce sand in the casting are in contact
with the upper surface of the sand mold. The upper surface of the
cavity is affected by the radiant heat of the molten metal, which
is easy to arch and warp. When the warped sand layer is
continuously scoured by the molten metal flow May break and
shatter, remain in place or be carried to other locations. The
larger the upper surface of the casting, the greater the volume
expansion of the molding sand and the greater the tendency to form
sand inclusions.
5) Sand holes are hole-like defects filled with molding sand inside
or on the surface of the casting.
6) Expansion Sand It is a defect formed by the local expansion of
the casting due to the movement of the mold wall under the pressure
of the molten metal during pouring. In order to prevent sand
expansion, the strength of the sand mold, the rigidity of the sand
box, the pressure box force or tightening force when closing the
box should be increased, and the pouring temperature should be
appropriately lowered to make the surface of the molten metal crust
earlier, so as to reduce the impact of the molten metal on the
mold. pressure.
Quality Inspection
casting
The inspection of castings mainly includes dimensional inspection,
visual inspection of appearance and surface, chemical composition
analysis and mechanical property test. For castings that are more
important or prone to problems in the casting process,
non-destructive testing is also required, which can be used for
ductile iron castings. Non-destructive testing techniques for
quality testing include liquid penetrant testing, magnetic particle
testing, eddy current testing, radiographic testing, ultrasonic
testing and vibration testing.
1. Detection of casting surface and near-surface defects
1) Liquid Penetration Testing
Liquid penetrant testing is used to inspect various opening defects
on the surface of castings, such as surface cracks, surface
pinholes and other defects that are difficult to find with the
naked eye. The commonly used penetrant inspection is coloring
inspection, which is to soak or spray a colored (generally red)
liquid (penetrant) with high penetrability on the surface of the
casting, and the penetrant penetrates into the opening defect and
quickly wipes off the surface penetrant. layer, and then spray an
easy-to-dry display agent (also called developer) on the surface of
the casting. After the penetrant remaining in the opening defect is
sucked out, the display agent is dyed, which can reflect the shape
of the defect, size and distribution. It should be pointed out that
the accuracy of penetration testing decreases with the increase of
the surface roughness of the tested material, that is, the brighter
the surface, the better the detection effect. In addition to
coloration detection, fluorescent penetrant detection is also a
commonly used liquid penetrant detection method. It needs to be
equipped with ultraviolet light for irradiation observation, and
the detection sensitivity is higher than that of coloration
detection.
2) Eddy current testing
Eddy current testing is suitable for inspecting defects below the
surface that are generally not more than 6-7MM deep. Eddy current
testing is divided into two types: the placed coil method and the
through-type coil method. When the test piece is placed near the
coil with the alternating current flowing, the alternating magnetic
field entering the test piece can induce in the test piece an eddy
current (eddy current) flowing in the direction perpendicular to
the excitation magnetic field, and the eddy current will A magnetic
field opposite to the excitation magnetic field is generated, so
that the original magnetic field in the coil is partially reduced,
thereby causing the coil impedance to change. If there is a defect
on the surface of the casting, the electrical characteristics of
the eddy current will be distorted, and the existence of the defect
will be detected. The main disadvantage of the eddy current
inspection is that the size and shape of the detected defect cannot
be visually displayed. Generally, only the surface position and
depth of the defect can be determined. , and it is not as sensitive
as penetrant detection for detecting small open defects on the
workpiece surface.
3) Magnetic particle inspection
Magnetic particle inspection is suitable for detecting surface
defects and defects several millimeters deep below the surface. It
requires DC (or AC) magnetization equipment and magnetic powder (or
magnetic suspension) for inspection operations. Magnetizing
equipment is used to generate a magnetic field on the inner and
outer surfaces of the casting, and magnetic powder or magnetic
suspension is used to reveal defects. When a magnetic field is
generated within a certain range of the casting, the defects in the
magnetized area will generate a leakage magnetic field. When the
magnetic powder or suspension is sprinkled, the magnetic powder is
attracted, so that the defects can be displayed. The defects
displayed in this way are basically defects transverse to the
magnetic field lines, and the long-shaped defects parallel to the
magnetic field lines cannot be displayed. Therefore, the
magnetization direction needs to be changed continuously during
operation to ensure that each defect in an unknown direction can be
detected. .
2. Detection of internal defects of castings
For internal defects, the commonly used nondestructive testing
methods are radiographic testing and ultrasonic testing. Among
them, the radiographic inspection effect is the best, it can obtain
an intuitive image reflecting the type, shape, size and
distribution of internal defects, but for large-thickness large
castings, ultrasonic inspection is very effective, and the position
of internal defects can be measured more accurately. , equivalent
size and distribution.
1) Radiographic inspection (Micro focus XRAY)
X-rays or γ-rays are generally used as radiation sources for ray
inspection, so equipment and other auxiliary facilities for
generating ray are required. When the workpiece is placed in the
ray field, the radiation intensity of the ray will be affected by
the internal defects of the casting. The radiation intensity
emitted through the casting varies locally with the size and nature
of the defect, forming a radiographic image of the defect, which is
imaged and recorded through a radiographic film, or detected and
observed in real time through a fluorescent screen, or detected by
a radiation counter. Among them, the method of imaging and
recording by radiographic film is the most commonly used method,
which is commonly referred to as radiographic inspection. The
defect image reflected by radiography is intuitive, and the shape,
size, number, plane position and distribution range of defects are
all It can be shown, but the depth of the defect cannot be
reflected in general, and special measures and calculations are
needed to determine it. The international foundry industry network
has applied the method of ray computed tomography, which cannot be
popularized due to the expensive equipment and high use cost, but
this new technology represents the future development direction of
high-definition ray detection technology. In addition, the use of a
microfocus X-ray system that approximates a point source actually
eliminates the blurry edges created by larger focus devices,
resulting in sharper image outlines. Using a digital imaging system
can improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the image and further
improve the clarity of the image.
2) Ultrasonic testing
Ultrasonic testing can also be used to inspect internal defects. It
uses the propagation of sound beams with high-frequency sound
energy inside the casting to generate reflections when they hit the
internal surface or defects to find defects. The magnitude of the
reflected acoustic energy is a function of the directivity and
nature of the interior surface or defect and the acoustic impedance
of such a reflector, so the acoustic energy reflected from various
defects or interior surfaces can be applied to detect the presence
of defects, wall thickness or surface the depth of the defect. As a
widely used non-destructive testing method, ultrasonic testing has
the main advantages of: high detection sensitivity, which can
detect small cracks; large penetration ability, which can detect
thick section castings. Its main limitations are: difficult to
interpret reflection waveforms for discontinuous defects with
complex contour dimensions and poor directivity; for undesired
internal structures such as grain size, microstructure, porosity,
inclusion content or fine dispersion Precipitates, etc., also
hinder waveform interpretation; in addition, reference marks are
required for detection
Lost Wax Investment Casting Parts Precision Steel Casting Parts custom metal stamping
How to repair casting defects:
The most fundamental focus of the method to solve the shrinkage
defect of castings is "thermal balance". The method is:
(1) Rapid solidification is implemented in the thick parts and hot
joints formed by the machine tool casting structure, which
artificially causes the basic balance of the temperature field of
the machine tool castings. Internal and external cold iron is used,
and zircon sand, chromite sand or special coatings with large heat
storage are used locally.
(2) Reasonable process design. The inner runner is located at the
opposite wall of the machine tool casting, which is frequent and
scattered. The molten metal that first enters the thick-walled part
is solidified first, and the thin-walled part is solidified later,
so that the uniform solidification is basically achieved
everywhere. For machine tool castings with uniform wall thickness,
use multiple sprues and vents. There are many inner runners, which
are dispersed and evenly distributed, so that the overall heat is
balanced. The air outlet is thin and many, that is, the exhaust is
unobstructed and the heat is dissipated.
(3) Change the position of the inner runner
(4) The selection of modeling materials with large heat storage is
extremely important for the production of anti-wear products with
lost foam! Chromite sand replaces quartz sand and other sand types
with low heat storage, which will achieve good results, and the
micro-seismic is better after pouring!
(5) Low temperature and fast burning, open pouring system. Make the
molten metal fill the mold quickly, smoothly and evenly. It depends
on the situation.
(6) The machine tool casting of ductile iron has high strength,
surface hardness ≧ 90, and high rigidity of the sand box, which is
beneficial to eliminating shrinkage porosity.
(7) When the riser is needed, move the heat riser first and leave
the heat section. If the riser is placed on the hot section, the
size of the riser will be enlarged to form "heating on the heat".
If it is not done well, not only the shrinkage porosity is
difficult to remove, but also concentrated shrinkage cavities will
be generated, which will reduce the process yield.
(8) The inclined placement and alloying of the casting mold are
beneficial. Eliminating shrinkage defects of machine tool castings
is a complex process of understanding and implementation. Based on
the basic principle of "heat balance", scientific analysis of ju
body castings should be made, a reasonable process plan should be
formulated, suitable molding materials, tooling and correct
operation should be selected and standardized. Then any shrinkage
defects of machine tool castings can be solved.
Due to various factors, defects such as pores, pinholes, slag
inclusions, cracks, and pits often appear. Commonly used repair
equipment is argon arc welding machine, resistance welding machine,
cold welding machine, etc. Casting defects that do not require high
quality and appearance can be repaired by welding machines with
high heat generation and high speed such as argon arc welding
machines. However, in the field of precision casting defect repair,
due to the great influence of argon welding heat, the repair will
cause casting deformation, hardness reduction, blisters, local
annealing, cracking, pinholes, wear, scratches, undercuts, or
insufficient bonding force and internal Secondary defects such as
stress damage. The cold welding machine just overcomes the above
shortcomings, and its advantages are mainly reflected in the small
heat affected area, the casting does not need to be preheated, and
the cold welding repair at room temperature, so there is no
deformation, undercut and residual stress, no local annealing, and
no change to the metal of the casting. organization status.
Therefore, the cold welding machine is suitable for surface defect
repair of precision castings. The repair range of cold welding is
the process of repeated melting and accumulation of welding repair
points of Φ1.5-Φ1.2mm. In the process of repairing large-area
defects, repair efficiency is the only factor that restricts its
widespread application. For large defects, the combined application
of traditional welding repair process and casting defect repair
machine is recommended. But sometimes we don't have many defects,
so we don't need to invest a lot of money. We can repair it with
some repairing agents, which is convenient and simple. For example,
for iron materials, we can use (Jinsucheng) JS902 to repair it. If
it is not used up, it can be used later, which can save costs for
our manufacturers, let our foundries invest more funds in improving
the quality of the products themselves, and allow users to create
more wealth.
3. Casting quality inspection results
Casting quality inspection results are usually divided into three
categories: qualified products, repaired products, and rejected
products.
1) Qualified products refer to castings whose appearance quality
and internal quality meet relevant standards or technical
conditions for delivery acceptance;
2) Reworked products refer to castings whose appearance quality and
internal quality do not fully meet the standards and acceptance
conditions, but are allowed to be repaired, and after repairs, they
can meet the standards and casting delivery acceptance technical
requirements;
3) Scrap refers to castings that are unqualified in appearance
quality and internal quality, and are not allowed to be repaired or
still fail to meet the standards and technical requirements for
casting delivery acceptance after repairing. Waste is further
divided into internal waste and external waste. Internal waste
refers to the waste castings found in foundries or foundries;
external waste refers to the waste found after the casting is
delivered, and the economic loss caused by it is far greater than
that of internal waste. [2]
Factors Affecting the Solidification Mode of Castings
There are many methods of solidification of castings. During the
solidification process of the casting, the section is generally
divided into three zones: 1-solid phase zone 2-solidification zone
3-liquid phase zone has a greater influence on the solidification
zone is the width of the solidification zone, and the
solidification method is divided accordingly. First, intermediate
solidification: the solidification of most alloys is between
layer-by-layer solidification and paste solidification. Second,
layer-by-layer solidification: pure metal, eutectic composition
alloys have no solidification zone during solidification, and the
liquid and solid two phases are clearly separated by a boundary.
Direct access to the center. Third, mushy solidification: the
crystallization temperature range of the alloy is very wide. During
a certain period of solidification, there is no solid layer on the
surface of the casting, and the solidification zone runs through
the entire section, first mushy and then solidified. Relevant
experts said that the factors affecting the solidification mode of
castings are summarized: First, the temperature gradient of the
castings. When the crystallization temperature range of the alloy
is constant, the width of the solidification zone depends on the
temperature gradient of the inner and outer layers of the casting.
The smaller the temperature gradient, the wider the solidification
zone. (The temperature difference between inside and outside is
large, the cooling is fast, and the solidification zone is narrow).
Second, the crystallization temperature range of the alloy. Small
range: The solidification zone is narrow, and it tends to solidify
layer by layer. Such as: sand casting, low carbon steel
solidification layer by layer, high carbon steel paste
solidification.
Casting defect repairing agent is a two-component, cement-like,
room temperature curing polymer resin glue, polymer metal composite
cold welding repair material with metal and alloy as reinforcing
filler. It has high bonding strength with metal, and can basically
keep the same color, and has the characteristics of wear
resistance, corrosion resistance and aging resistance. The cured
material has high strength, no shrinkage, and can be processed by
various types of machinery. It has excellent properties such as
wear resistance, oil resistance, water resistance, and various
chemical corrosion resistance, and can withstand high temperature
of 120 ° C.
use
Casting defect repair agent is a high-performance polymeric metal
material obtained by compounding various alloy materials and
modified toughening heat-resistant resins. It is suitable for
repairing various metal castings and various castings with defects
larger than 2mm. , crack, wear, corrosion repair and bonding. It is
generally used for the repair of various casting defects with less
stringent color requirements. It has high strength and can be
machined with the base material.
How to detect
The properties of the casting itself directly affect the quality of
the processing, and the hardness value is an important indicator to
determine the processing of the casting.
1) Brinell hardness: It is mainly used to measure the hardness of
castings, forgings, non-ferrous metal parts, hot-rolled billets and
annealed parts. The measurement range is ≯HB450.
2) Rockwell hardness: HRA is mainly used for high hardness test
pieces, to measure the hardness of materials and surface hardness
above HRC67, such as cemented carbide, nitrided steel, etc., the
measurement range is HRA>70. HRC is mainly used for hardness
measurement of steel parts (such as carbon steel, tool steel, alloy
steel, etc.) after quenching or tempering, and the measurement
range is HRC20~67.
3) Vickers hardness: used to measure the hardness of thin parts and
steel plate parts, and can also be used to measure the hardness of
surface hardened parts such as carburizing, cyanidation, and
nitriding.
Main Testing and Inspection Device
| No. | Device | Type | Qty | Status | Note |
| 1 | End quenching machine | DZJ-I | 1 | working | Testing |
| 2 | Electric resistance furnace | SX2-8-12 | 2 | working | Testing |
| 3 | Inverted metallurgic microscope | 4XCE | 1 | working | Inspection |
| 4 | High temperature box resistance furnace | SX2-4-13 | 1 | working | Testing |
| 5 | Automatic digital display Rockwell hard-tester | 200HRS-180 | 1 | working | Inspection |
| 6 | Electronic Brinell hardness tester | THB-3000 | 1 | working | Inspection |
| 7 | HR-150B Rockwell hardness tester | HR-150B | 1 | working | Inspection |
| 8 | Rapid multi-element analyzer | JS-DN328 | 1 | working | Inspection |
| 9 | Electric arc furnace | JSDL-8 | 1 | working | Testing |
| 10 | Rapid multi-element analyzer(C & S) | JS-DN328 | 1 | working | Inspection |
| 11 | Infrared thermometer | AR872 | 2 | working | Inspection |
| 12 | Portable chemical composition analyzer | AR872 | 2 | working | Inspection |
| 13 | Test specimen sampler | KW30-6 | 1 | working | Inspection |
Stainless Steel Investment Casting Parts Metal Stamping OEM
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