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M2 Material Normal Module Conventional Type Gear Shaving Cutter
Coated Tool Materials
Coating the tool is one of the important ways to improve the tool
performance. The emergence of coated tools has made a major
breakthrough in the cutting performance of tools. The coated tool
is coated with one or more layers of refractory compound with good
wear resistance on the tool body with good toughness, which
combines the tool matrix with the hard coating, thereby greatly
improving the performance of the tool. Coated tools can improve
machining efficiency, improve machining accuracy, extend tool life
and reduce machining costs.
About 80% of the cutting tools used in new CNC machine tools use
coated tools. Coated tools will be the most important tool
varieties in the field of CNC machining in the future.
(1) Types of coated tools
According to different coating methods, coated tools can be divided
into chemical vapor deposition (CVD) coated tools and physical
vapor deposition (PVD) coated tools. Coated cemented carbide tools
generally use chemical vapor deposition, and the deposition
temperature is around 1000 °C. Coated high-speed steel tools
generally use physical vapor deposition, and the deposition
temperature is around 500 °C;
According to the different substrate materials of coated tools,
coated tools can be divided into carbide-coated tools, high-speed
steel-coated tools, and coated tools on ceramics and superhard
materials (diamond and cubic boron nitride).
According to the nature of the coating material, coated tools can
be divided into two categories, namely "hard" coated tools and
"soft" coated tools. The main goal of "hard" coated tools is high
hardness and wear resistance. The main advantages are high hardness
and good wear resistance, typically TiC and TiN coatings. The goal
of "soft" coating tools is a low coefficient of friction, also
known as self-lubricating tools, which have friction with the
workpiece material. The coefficient is very low, only about 0.1,
which can reduce bonding, reduce friction, and reduce cutting force
and cutting temperature.
Nanoeoating tools have recently been developed. This coated tool
can use different combinations of various coating materials (such
as metal/metal, metal/ceramic, ceramic/ceramic, etc.) to meet
different functional and performance requirements. Reasonably
designed nano-coating can make the tool material have excellent
anti-friction, anti-wear and self-lubricating properties, which is
suitable for high-speed dry cutting.
(2) Characteristics of coated tools
① Good mechanical and cutting performance: The coated tool combines
the excellent properties of the base material and the coating
material, which not only maintains the good toughness and high
strength of the base, but also has the high hardness, high wear
resistance and low strength of the coating. friction coefficient.
Therefore, the cutting speed of the coated tool can be more than 2
times higher than that of the uncoated tool, and a higher feed rate
is allowed. The life of the coated tool is also improved.
② Strong versatility: Coated tools have a wide range of
versatility, and the processing range is significantly expanded.
One coated tool can be used instead of several non-coated tools.
③ Coating thickness: With the increase of coating thickness, the
tool life will also increase, but when the coating thickness
reaches saturation, the tool life will no longer increase
significantly. When the coating is too thick, it is easy to cause
peeling; when the coating is too thin, the wear resistance is poor.
④ Regrindability: The regrindability of the coated blade is poor,
the coating equipment is complex, the process requirements are
high, and the coating time is long.
⑤ Coating material: Tools with different coating materials have
different cutting performance. For example, when cutting at low
speed, TiC coating is dominant; when cutting at high speed, TiN is
more suitable.
(3) Application of coated tools
Coated tools have great potential in the field of CNC machining,
and will be the most important tool variety in the field of CNC
machining in the future. Coating technology has been applied to end
mills, reamers, drills, compound hole machining tools, gear hobs,
gear shapers, shaving cutters, forming broaches and various
machine-clamped indexable inserts to meet the needs of high-speed
cutting machining. The needs of materials such as steel and cast
iron, heat-resistant alloys and non-ferrous metals.